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White Holes review: Extreme physics from Carlo Rovelli

We all know about black holes – we've even seen a picture of one. But white holes? In his latest book, theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli weaves a poetic spell to persuade us that these mysterious entities are real

By Abigail Beall

25 October 2023

A white hole is a theoretical solution to Einstein's field equations - a region which cannot be entered at all from the outside. In a sense, therefore, they are the time-reversed opposites of black holes. The theory suggests that a black hole is connected to a white hole via a tunnel called an Einstein-Rosen bridge (wormhole). Matter falls into the black hole and is expelled via the white one. Some theorists even argue that the Big Bang itself is a white hole, gushing out matter and creating a new universe while, on the other end, invisible and unreachable, is a black hole in a totally different universe.

White holes may be the time-reversed opposite of black holes – if they exist

MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

White Holes
Carlo Rovelli (Allen Lane)

WHAT happens if you fall into a black hole?

It is one of the most intriguing and complex questions ever conceived. Black holes are places where, at their heart, general relativity breaks down. They are objects that even Albert Einstein thought wouldn’t exist in the universe. Yet we know that they do: in the past few years, we have even captured images of them.

I imagine that, like many of us, theoretical…

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